Why are flame retardant fabrics flame retardant?

1. Permanent flame-retardant fabrics: woven with flame-retardant fibers, no matter how many times they are washed, the flame-retardant effect does not change.
2. Washable flame-retardant fabrics are flame-retardant after finishing, and can withstand more than 50 washes. The flame-retardant performance does not decrease with the increase in the number of washes.
3. Semi-washable flame-retardant fabrics.
4. Disposable flame-retardant fabrics (decorations, curtains, cushions, etc.)

Production process of flame-retardant fabrics and introduction methods of additives

Fiber flame-retardant treatment

1. Flame-retardant mechanism
It refers to adding a certain flame retardant to some inherently flammable raw fibers (such as polyester, cotton, and acrylic) to inhibit free radicals in the combustion process; or changing the thermal decomposition process of the fiber to promote dehydration and carbonization; some are flame retardants that decompose and release non-flammable gases to cover the fiber surface to isolate the air.

2. Flame-retardant treatment methods
Improve the thermal stability of fiber-forming polymers.
Flame-retardant modification of raw fibers.

Flame-retardant finishing of fabrics

• Covering layer theory: Flame retardants can form a glassy or stable foam covering layer at high temperatures, which has heat insulation, oxygen isolation, and prevents the escape of flammable gases, playing a flame-retardant role.

• Non-flammable gas theory: Flame retardants decompose non-flammable gases when heated, diluting the concentration of combustible gases decomposed from cellulose to below the lower limit of combustion.

• Endothermic theory: Flame retardants react endothermically at high temperatures, lowering the temperature to prevent the spread of combustion. In addition, after finishing the fabric, the heat can be quickly transferred out, causing the cellulose to not reach the temperature of ignition and combustion.

• Melt droplet effect: Under the action of flame retardants, the fiber material depolymerizes, the melting temperature decreases, and the temperature difference between the melting point and the ignition point increases, causing the fiber material to soften, shrink, and melt before cracking, becoming molten droplets that fall, and most of the heat is taken away, thereby interrupting the process of heat feedback to the fiber material, and ultimately interrupting the combustion, causing the flame to extinguish itself. The flame retardancy of polyester fibers is mostly achieved in this way.

• Catalytic dehydration theory: Flame retardants react with fibers as Lewis acids at high temperatures, causing the fibers to catalytically dehydrate and carbonize, reducing the generation of combustible gases.